Clădiri și locuri istorice

The Tulcea county library today bears the name of the famous Tulcea poet, of Bulgarian origin, Panait Cerna. It is located in the central area, on Isaccei street, near the Park of Personalities. It has been operating since 1984 in a generous space for a library of county interest, spread over an area of ​​3,500 square meters in total, with three levels, a spiral staircase and an interior garden, plus a book lift. Currently, the library owns over 330,000 library items (books, periodicals, audiovisual and electronic documents, manuscripts, illustrated postcards, other documents), of an encyclopedic nature, organized in usual collections (of home loan sections), basic (for study in the reading rooms) and special ones, intended for conservation, research and documentation (manuscripts, documents from personal archives and correspondence, photographs, bibliophile book, book with autograph and dedications, etc.).

The building was built at the end of the 19th century, being bought in 1932 by the Tulcea Chamber of Commerce and Industry, an institution that had been operating since 1909. The intense commercial life determines requirements for commercial credit and specialized information, as a result new banking institutions, and the Chamber of Commerce functions as a commercial information office.

Avramide House is a component of the Northern Dobrogean Cultural Heritage Museum Complex that belongs to the "Gavrilă Simion" Tulcea Eco-Museum Research Institute. This superb house, known among Tulceni as the House of Collections, was built at the end of the 19th century by Alexandru Avramide, of Greek ethnicity. This was a prosperous local entrepreneur, who owned several mills, workshops, various commercial premises, a sawmill, but also several agricultural areas. Alexandru Avramide is known to have arrived in the city of Tulcea in the middle of the 19th century, driven by a strong ambition and tenacity, which would later make him one of the richest people in the entire region. Around 1890, Avramide managed to bring two Italian craftsmen to the area, to whom he entrusted everything necessary to build the house he dreamed of as a symbol of the family's prosperity. From that moment and until the edifice became the most beautiful construction in the city, not much time passed. Located right in the center of the city of Tulcea, right next to the Church of Saint Nicholas, the house, considered luxurious, stood out especially for the rooms on the lower level. They are decorated with painted stucco, painted ceilings and benefit from doors in two wings, two main facades, and on one of them you can see an imposing staircase made of marble mosaic. After 1944, the house was transformed into the headquarters of the Greek Democratic Committee, and on November 14, 1949, the act was signed that created the "Danube Delta" Museum, which was officially opened only on May 1, 1950 The museum occupied two rooms in the entire building and had 872 complementary materials or objects in its heritage. Between 1952-1953, the School Inspectorate of Tulcea county carried out its activity in the same building. Because it was only in 1957 that the first reorganizations of the museum took place. From 1959, a special department of archeology and ethnography operated at the site of the building, but it was closed in 1962. Since 1964, when the aquarium tanks were built at the site of the building, together with the addition of a collection consisting of 1500 biological pieces , plus a voluminous herbarium, the house functioned in its complexity as a natural science museum. Recently the edifice was rehabilitated through a project called "Restoration and Rehabilitation of two heritage buildings from the municipality of Tulcea included in the regional tourist circuits" offering today, through a modern exhibition, the main historical elements of the city of Tulcea, but also of the family Avramides. Also here, various heritage objects from the collections of the Eco-Museum Research Institute "Gavilă Simion" Tulcea are perfectly displayed.

Casa Borș is located in the historical area of ​​the city, a few steps from the "St. Nicolae" Cathedral, the "Jean Bart" Theater, the Avramide House and other heritage buildings. Ștefan Borș, the former owner of this beautiful house, built in 1905 and recently rehabilitated, was born in 1858 in Neamț. After graduating from higher education in Bucharest, he returned to his native county where he began his professional activity as a copyist in the Piatra-Neamț public works constituency office. In 1883, as a young engineer and entrepreneur, he carried out various infrastructure works in Iasi. Fate made him move to Tulcea at the age of 26, in 1884, taking over the management of the County Technical Service, an institution he managed professionally for four years. Six years later, in 1894, at the age of 36, he became the mayor of the municipality of Tulcea; likewise in 1906 and 1911. His political career continued as a senator in the Romanian Parliament. In the 43 years spent here, as an entrepreneur, engineer or politician, 14 schools, 12 churches, 3 barracks, 3 hospitals, a theater, a conference hall and the Fishery Palace were built in Tulcea through his direct involvement. He also rehabilitated the Administrative Palace, the former Pasha Mansion and the current Art Museum, completed the city cadastre, connected the population to the water and electricity network, built streets with paved sidewalks and much more. Ștefan Borș died on June 7, 1928, when the city was in full preparation for the celebrations of the 50th anniversary of the reunification of Dobrogea by the Romanian state. He is buried in the Eternitatea Cemetery in Tulcea alongside his first wife and one of the seven children he had. It is said that he lived in this beautiful building until 1921 when he sold the property to Banca Dunărea. From 1968, the building became the headquarters of the Tulcea Garrison Command, or the Army House as it was known by all Tulcea residents. The building has been recently rehabilitated and is worth admiring, even if it cannot be visited.

The building on Progresului str. (formerly Sf. Nicolae str., at no. 14, corner with Ștefan cel Mare str., at no. 4), which was located at the beginning of the century 20th in the ownership of Haim and David Feimblat, it was intended for housing on the first floor and commercial space on the ground floor, an organization preserved even after nationalization. The stores "La Brăileanul" and S.A. operated here over time. The sole - for shoes, "La Rampa Podgorenilor" - for drinks, the mixed trade of the OCL, but also the workshops of the Unirea Cooperative. Source of information and photos: https://mistereledunarii.wordpress.com/2016/07/26/casa-fantomelor-de-spioni/

The Swiss House in Tulcea is the former headquarters of the Austrian Consulate, mentioned as such in 1864, being built on 9 Mai street (formerly Paul Stătescu). It is extremely different in the landscape of the place, unique in the entire Tulcean landscape with its architecture that recalls both German and Dobrogean specifics. Unfortunately, the building is today in an advanced state of disrepair. But it is worth mentioning to make you aware of how different and cosmopolitan Tulcea was once.

The building was built in 1866 by Lazar Lazarov. In 1927 it was bought by Nicolae Georgescu, lawyer, deputy and senator in the interwar period from the National Peasant Party. In 1932, on the ground floor of the building, were the offices of the grain barn and the cattle fair in Piața Sfântu Gheorghe. Since 1950, SANEPID and several shops have operated here. Currently, the building is owned by the heirs of Nicolae Georgescu, and a pharmacy operates on the ground floor of the building. We invite you to read more details about the story of this historic house at https://mistereledunarii.wordpress.com/2021/04/27/misterele-dunarii-top-10-locul-07-cea-mai-veche-casa-din -tulcea/

The building was built in the second half of the 19th century by the Greek merchant Ilie Lichiardopol, hence the name. After 1940, Teodor Lichiardopol, the rightful heir, sells the building to the Ministry of Public Instruction as a school premises. According to the accounts of some notables from Tulce, in the hall with the mural painting on the first floor of the building, on November 18, 1878, the documents for the takeover of Dobrogea by the Romanian authorities were signed. Unfortunately, the building is a ruin today.

The house was built in the period 1870-1875, and from 1929 it became the property of Constantin Motomancea, mathematics teacher and director of the high school that today bears the name "Spiru Haret", particularly involved in the socio-cultural life of the city. The building was nationalized in 1950, where the Tulcea Police operated for a while. Fortunately, even though it currently houses a notary's office, this house has recently been rehabilitated and can be admired and photographed from the street.

Located on Isaccei Street, in the central area of ​​the city, unfortunately, the House of Culture of the Trade Unions in Tulcea Municipality has not been dedicated only to culture and arts for some time. It is an institution that operates in one of the most important buildings in the city and which, although it was not intended for this purpose by construction, rents its premises to bars, shops, travel agencies and many others. As Tulceni, we hope that this building will also be renovated in the near future and reorganized into something much more beneficial both for the local community and possibly for tourists.

In 1931, the building of the Select Cinema was built on Carol street (currently Strada Gării), according to the plans of the architect G. Alois from Galati, the property of the Scultety brothers in association with the merchant David Feimblat. In 1935, the cinema becomes entirely the business of the Scultety family, through the withdrawal of the partner, who sells his share for the sum of 800 lei. To put the cinema into operation, all the equipment was purchased from the company "S.A. Siewens & Shuckert", the representation of the company "Klang film" in Berlin. The cinema, which had a capacity of 600 seats, was operated by the Scultety brothers even after the nationalization in 1948, through a contract concluded with the town hall. Affected by the earthquake of 1977, the cinema building, renamed "7 Noiembrie", was repaired, during which several changes were made which reduced the number of seats to 380. At the same time, the entrance was moved to the opposite side , on Isaccei street, which had become the central artery of the city. In 1990, the name "Select" was restored. This is where the Oblivion Club currently operates. Photo credit: https://mistereledunarii.wordpress.com/2014/02/16/select-de-tulcea/

Dobrogean College of "Spiru Haret" is the oldest secondary/high school institution in Tulcea county. The institution was founded on November 14, 1883 as "The Royal High School for Boys". In 1897 it turned into a high school. The first headquarters of the Gymnasium was the building built between 1864-1867 by Ahmed Rezim Pasha, the mutesharif of Tulcea district. The building was located a little below the current building C of the high school. In 1902, Spiru C. Haret, the Minister of Public Instruction, signs the act that mentions the construction works of the first premises of the first secondary school in Dobrogea. In the period 1925-1926, from the public collection initiated by Constantin Motomancea (the director of the high school at the time), the current north body of the building was built, with C. Hârjeu as architect. Between 1926-1927, the central body was built, according to the plans of the architect Gh. Brătescu. Between 1970-1971, the south wing of the high school was also built. It is good to know that in the years 1903-1941 the institution was called "Prince Carol High School". In 1971, it was named after the illustrious mathematician and Minister of Education Spiru Haret. Since 1996, the high school has been called Dobrogean College "Spiru Haret", being one of the most impressive buildings in the entire Tulcea Municipality.

The building was built in 1868, being ordered by the governor of Sangeac Tulcea, Ismail Bey Paşa, as the headquarters for the Turkish high school. The building was erected through the contributions of the inhabitants and with the financial support of the Circassians established in the city, who, being exempt from taxes for a while, offered money for its construction. After Ismail Bey Pasha's forced departure from the city, the building remained unused for a while and was then turned into a barracks. Since 1878, the premises have been used as the seat of the Tulcea City Hall and since 1968 of the People's Council of the city of Tulcea. In recent years, the building housed the headquarters of some companies, the most recent being Deltacons. As in the case of the former Turkish school, we hope that this historic building will be rehabilitated and utilized for cultural-tourist purposes.

The Turkish School operated next to the Aziziye Window, being inaugurated in 1863, during the reign of Sultan Abdulaziz. The building was built in the architectural style specific to the period, with a ground floor, a first floor and a hipped roof. In this area was the Turkish slum, where the main public edifices of the city, which became the residence of the sangeac, were located: the window, the pasha's mansion, the bazaar, the port and others. We hope that this historic building will regain its former glory and importance.

The building that once housed the former Teodorof "Cireșica" sausage factory has a long history, which dates back to March 1879. In that year, this building housed the headquarters of the Ottoman Consulate in Tulcea, and the first Ottoman consul in the history of the city was housed here - Paul Naum Efendi. The choice of a building to house the Ottoman Consulate was not easy because it had to be in a considered "relatively" neutral area of ​​the city, which was free of arrogance, but with a wall and was accessible to the Turkish community. The building once housed the acaretres of the Tulcean defterdar, and at that time it was a one-story house with wooden and glass balconies, something very beautiful and eye-catching. The door of the building was a monumental gate, a true work of art typical of Ottoman, of which the stone masonry foundation with sand and hydraulic lime is still preserved today. In 1902, Paul Naum Efendi is replaced by Dimitraki Teododosyadi Efendi, who lasts as consul until the beginning of the First World War. He is also the one who completely restores the appearance of the building. For the facade of the building, he hired a Levantine craftsman, a specialist in combining several architectural styles (neoclassical, baroque, Ottoman Gothic). All these changes take place around 1913, when the building becomes a reference for the whole city. After the end of the First World War, the building had several owners. The last was Fany Ellman before the state confiscated the building and gave it to Societe Anonime Române "Prague", which made sausages and canned meat. In Tulcea, this society was represented by Ioan and Virginia Teodoru. In 1948, the building that had been transformed into a factory was nationalized and would receive the name "Dolphin", but the most beautiful house in Tulcea would become, in 1949, a neighborhood pub, when it would also receive the name "Cireșica". which will remain in the collective mind for a long time. After the Revolution of 1989, the house was rented to a refrigeration equipment repair company, then it was sold to the tenant for 149,000 lei. It eventually ended up in the property of a real estate developer from Tulcea who took no action to repair or restore it. During all this time, the building has been constantly deteriorating. In November 2020, the "Cireșica" House was bought by Ion Luchian out of a desire to be rehabilitated. Credits: https://dobrogealive.ro/o-cladire-monument-istoric-din-tulcea-va-fi-restaurata-istoria-tumultoasa-a-casei-ciresica/

The building, located on str. 9 Mai, no. 4, entered in the List of Historical Monuments (code TL-II-m-B -05972), was built around 1911, in the neo-Romanian style. Its owner was Alexandru Calafeteanu, a professor from Tulcea, who owned it until 1947. Between 1958 and 2005, it performed several public functions: the House of Pioneers, a space managed by the Tulcea "Danube Delta" Museum, originally intended for the collection of fine art and later that of folk art and ethnography. The building was retroceded in 2005 to the descendants of Alexandru Calafeteanu, and is currently a private residence.

The station building was built in 1972, being one of the most special buildings in Tulcea Municipality. It was made according to the plans of the architect Irina Rosetti. Special at Tulcea Train Station is its tri-lobed plan, which takes the directions of the three axes that lead to the building; the river line, the cliff line and the road from the city center. The boat-looking building was conceived as a moor consisting of three arches – three half-boats that give the impression to the passenger on the ship that this building is rotating. The building houses the waiting room, the ticket offices, the information desk, the hand luggage store and the station master's office. The station has 4 lines (about 300 m long each) and 3 platforms. In 1990, passenger trains departing and arriving from here had 11 cars (the Bucharest express) or 9 cars (the personal and Constanta trains). Here you will also be able to admire a beautiful vintage steam locomotive in very good condition.

The Azizyie Mosque in Tulcea was built in 1863, during the reign of Sultan Abdul Aziz, to whom it is dedicated and from which its name comes. It is one of the largest mosques built by the Ottoman Empire on the territory of Dobrogea, made of carved stone with a thickness of 85 cm. The beautiful construction is equipped with an impressive number of windows (32), their location being 18 in the upper area and ensuring natural lighting for the interior terrace that surrounds the glass on three sides and a number of 14 windows in the lower area. From the beginning, a Turkish school functioned next to the window, which had its headquarters in the building at (currently) 4 Independence Street, still existing today. The window minaret, still visible today, dates back to 1897, when it was rebuilt with funds made available by the Ministry of Religion and Public Instruction.

On the initiative of the local authorities and with the support of the "Heroes' Cult Society", in 1938 a committee headed by Colonel V. I. Rata, prefect of Tulcea and commander of the 33rd Infantry Regiment, was established to build an ossuary "in which to shelter the bones scattered on the camps and cemeteries in Moldova and later those gathered on the battlefields of Dobrogea, Carpathians and Marasesti which will also serve as a symbolic monument for today and future generations", as shown in a report to the royal resident of the Galati Territory, 30 . The exhumation work was done under the care of General Gh. Avramescu, the commander of the 10th Division in which the Tulceans from the 33rd and 73rd Infantry Regiments fought. For a month, the general visited all the places where the remains of Tulcea heroes rested, while the Committee from Tulcea, led by Lt. Col. Vasile I. Rata worked hard to build the ossuary in Tulcea. The ossuary of the heroes was placed in the cemetery of the heroes of the First World War, where the heroes of the Second World War will find their eternal rest. The initiative of placing a carved oak gate at the entrance to the cemetery and a monumental troit belonged to the 33rd Infantry Regiment, which, on October 13, 1934, celebrated half a century of its existence. A significant contribution to the creation of these sculpted works was made by the teaching staff from Tulcea, led by Professor Grigore Musculiu. One of the four wooden troits in the cemetery yard, with the inscription "In memory of our heroes who sacrificed their lives on the altar of the homeland", was executed by Ecaterina Heresteanu, a teacher at the Girls' Industrial High School in Tulcea. The mausoleum was built in 1938 through a contribution of 700,000 lei from the citizens of the city and 1,000 lei from the prefecture. The construction details can be found in the minutes of April 24, 1941 regarding the condition and inventory of the mausoleum: "We N. Mateescu, the Mayor of the city of Tulcea, accompanied by Mr. Captain Bistreanu Ion from the 33rd Dorobanti Regiment and delegate of the Tulcea Garrison and Mr. Ioan Caragheorghe, technical agent at Serv. Communal technical, we went to the Osuarul Eroilor to inventory the state of the mausoleum in accordance with the prescriptions under the head. IV art. 32 of C. art. 34 and 35 of the Law on the Regime of War Memorials and Monuments and I found the following: The Mausoleum in the city of Tulcea, a monumental construction started in 1938 on the initiative of a local committee houses the remains of the Heroes of the 33rd and 73rd Infantry regiments. The mausoleum is built of concrete and brick in the middle of a park with a guard, in front of the troit and a massive portal at the entrance to its park. It is surrounded by a stone fence with concrete columns and iron chains. The bones of the heroes are placed in two side underground crypts, made of stone and concrete, with access doors and openings with windows to the crypts. The Osuarului Chapel, located in the center, has a reinforced concrete tower above it decorated with relief ornaments, and inside, religious oil paintings. Above the crypts, over the concrete floor, the masked tin roof is supported by columns with capitals and decorated with battlements. In general, the building is in perfect condition and is well maintained, and the park is landscaped and cared for.

The foundation stone was laid by King Carol I himself during his visit to Tulcea on October 17-18, 1879. On the parchment placed at the base of the foundation it was written: "The year of 1879, the month of October, in seventeen days, by His Royal Highness Carol I, Lord of Romania, this foundation stone of the monument erected in the city of Tulcea, in commemorating the annexation of Dobrogea by Romania." The execution of the monument was entrusted to the Romanian sculptor George Vasilescu. The funds necessary for the construction of the work came from the public collection, through the care of the "League for the preservation of Dobrogea" established in 1896 and led by Ioan Nenițescu and architect Grigore Tocilescu. The monument dedicated to the reunification of Dobrogea with Romania was designed in the form of a 22m obelisk, based on a two-step plinth topped by a pedestal. The obelisk was made of Ravenna granite, on it was the coat of arms of Romania surrounded by laurels, and below it two bronze plates commemorating the event in honor of which the monument was erected, as well as the date on which it was to be inaugurated. On one side and the other of the obelisk, on some semicircular pedestals, two other impressive sculptural elements were fixed - a dorobanț with a weapon on his shoulder and a horn in his hand, a symbol of the Romanian soldiers, and on the left an eagle, the main element of the coat of arms of Romania, symbol of courage and flight to heights. Both were cast in Venice, in bronze, in Munaretti's workshop. Due to the unexpected death of the sculptor in November 1898, the monument remained unfinished. It was continued, in the next two years, according to G. Vasilescu's plans by the sculptor Constantin Bălăcescu. Thus, in November 1899 the statue of the dorobant was brought to Tulcea and installed, and in 1900 the effigy of the eagle also arrived. The monument was inaugurated in a festive setting, on May 2, 1904, in the presence of the royal family. The mayor of the city, N. Comișani, then addressed the distinguished guests: "A wish of Your Majesty has been fulfilled: the towering Monument of the re-annexation of Dobrogea has risen on that beautiful rock designated by Your Majesty. He will speak to posterity of the bravery of the dorobant and of the Great Captain, our glorious King". Destroyed during the First World War by the occupation troops, the monument will be rebuilt in 1935 by the architect G.T. Ionescu, head of the city's technical service, according to the model located at the Military Museum in Bucharest at that time. Due to the lack of funds, the two sculptural elements - the dorobant and the eagle - were no longer made. On the occasion of the preparations for the celebration of the centenary of Romania's State Independence, the works to restore the monument also begin. Through the contribution of the people of Tulcea and the sculptor Cristea Grosu, the monument was created in its initial form and inaugurated on May 9, 1977. HINT: Visit this place at sunrise, if you are early bird, or at sunset, to enjoy an impressive view of the city. Give yourself some quiet moments here to really connect with the atmosphere of a city steeped in history.

The Art Museum of Tulcea is housed in a neo-classical building, built between 1863-1865, as the administrative palace of the Sangeac de Tulcea, then also called Conacul Pașei. After the entry of Dobrogea into the composition of the Romanian state, in 1878 it became the seat of the Prefecture of Tulcea County, with the County Court, the body of Portărei and the Court of Jury on the ground floor. Between 1950-1970, the Tulcea District People's Council functioned here. It finally became the seat of the Art Museum on August 23, 1982. In total, the museum has seven main collections: modern and contemporary painting (932 works), modern and contemporary sculpture (420 works), icons of the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries (797 works), modern and contemporary graphics (4016 works), plates of engravings, unique in the country (400 works), oriental art from the 18th and 19th centuries (311 pieces), decorative art from the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries (139 pieces). The core strength of the painting collection is represented by the works of the avant-garde period: Hans Mattis Teutsch, Max Hermann Maxy, Marcel Iancu, Corneliu Michăilescu, culminating with the 14 works (10 paintings, four graphics) signed by the well-known artist of universal renown, Victor Brauner (surrealist painter, sculptor and poet born in Piatra-Neamț). As for the rich statuary heritage of the museum, it consists of 420 modern and contemporary sculptures. The works of artists Ion Georgescu, Dimitrie Paciurea, Frederic Storck, Alexandru Călinescu, Oscar Han, Milița Petrașcu, Emilian Celine, Constantin Baraschi, Romul Ladea, Ion Jalea stand out for their special value.

The Museum of Ethnography and Folk Art in Tulcea is today housed in the former headquarters of the National Bank of Romania - Tulcea Agency. The building is one of the emblematic public edifices for the municipality, constituting, together with other constructions, valuable examples of the architecture of national forms. The construction is based on a project developed in 1924 and was erected during the interwar period (1924-1927), so at the end of the era of manifestation of the national trend in Romanian architecture. This public edifice can be considered a successful example of modern architecture, built on traditional values, which marked the first part of the 20th century. The heritage of the Museum of Ethnography and Folk Art reflects, through the diversity of the collections, a unique cultural model generated by the ethnic coexistence between Romanians and other populations. The approximately 8600 pieces make up an invaluable ethnographic fund decodable within the collections of folk art and folk wear, ethnography, industrial heritage and photo-document. The museum has recently been rehabilitated, renovated and reopened and delights visitors with its collections of erasers, metal vessels, carpets and Aromanian folk art.

The State Fisheries Administration building was erected between 1910-1914 by the entrepreneurs Ștefan Borș and Robert Flamm, at the initiative of Grigore Antipa, becoming one of the most important edifices of the city of Tulcea at the beginning of the 20th century. The building was located in Mircea cel Bătrân Square, on a plot of land owned by Tulcea City Hall which, in exchange for Ciuperca Lake, gave it to the Ministry of Agriculture and Domains, enriching the architectural framework of the old cultural-administrative center. Since 1948, the Tulcea Regional Fisheries Inspectorate and the "Compescaria" State Company have operated in the building, which took over the duties of the State Fisheries Administration for commercialization and industrialization of fish, and later the Central Danube Delta. Until recently, this beautiful building housed a night club, but currently the location is devoid of activity.

The first documentary attestation of the Aegyssus Fortress corresponds to the beginning of the integration process of Dobrogea within the boundaries of the Roman state. Ovid mentions the conquest of the city in AD 12. by the North-Danubian Dacians and its reoccupation by Roman troops. According to the Roman poet, Aegyssus was already an old city (uetus urbs), defended by strong walls, located on the bank of the Danube, in a high place that could hardly be reached. In late antique sources, the name of the city, probably of Celtic origin, appears in various forms: Egiso (Itinerarium Antonini 226, 2); Aegissos, respectively Accisso (Notitia Dignitatum Or. 39, 8, 17; 34); Aϊγισσος (Hierocles, Synecdemos, 637, 14); Aϊγιστον (Procopius of Caesarea, De Aedificiis, 4, 7, 20); Egypsum (Geographer of Ravenna IV, 5). The archaeological and epigraphic materials from the Roman era highlight a cosmopolitan population, made up of veterans, merchants, shipowners, landowners. A funerary stela discovered on Miron Costin Street attests to the fact that, in the middle of the second century AD. the city owned a territory where there were villae rusticae settlements and rural farms. Aegyssus was above all an important garrison headquarters for troops tasked with defending a frontier region of the Roman Empire. Units from the V Macedonica legion and the Roman Danube fleet (classis Flavia Moesica) were to defend the city. In the second half of the 3rd century AD, a stamp on a tile mentions the name of an auxiliary unit – cohort II Flavia Brittonum. Later, in the late Roman period, the fortification takes on a particularly important role in the defensive system of the province and becomes the seat of the lower pediment of the I Iovia Legion, but also of a cavalry unit (cuneus equitum armigerorum). In the 6th century it was the seat of a bishopric, as it appears from the Notitia Episcopatum and it appears in the list of Procopius of Caesarea among the cities restored by the emperor Justinian in Scythia. Many of the archaeological materials discovered during the research organized on the site of the ancient fortress, in the Independence Monument Park, can be found in the permanent exhibition of the Museum of History and Archeology, a museum located right next to the ruins of the fortress. Not to be missed if you come to this place.

On the Babadag Street, one of the most important streets of the municipality, is located the Synagogue, known as the Israelit Temple, as it appears in official documents and as it is called by the local-jews people, as many as are left. It looks like a construction that has traveled through time, being the only one of its kind on the entire street, guarded on both sides by concrete blocks. In the old days, Babadag street, together with the surrounding streets, was the center of the Jewish quarter of Tulcea, whose number of souls reached, in 1910, approximately two thousand. The Israelite neighborhood, as it was called by the Tulceni, was formed later and more slowly than the Romanian, Greek or Bulgarian ones, perhaps also due to the fact that the Tulcean trade was for a long time a fiefdom of the Greeks and the Armenians. The Israelit Temple is an almost lonely vestige of a large and important community of the city, of which only a few dozen representatives still exist today. From time to time, the beautiful synagogue hosts various cultural events.